That crankshaft extension is pretty well torn up, Figarow. You've probably also ruined the bore of the new starter.
Plain bearings at high speed can only work if they are polished smooth and lubricated. I don't know if you want to hear this, but that old clutch was destroyed by you, when you let it run in a condition where it was partly seized, had rotated the sprag inside the outer part of the clutch until it was in light contact, and had then spun all of those balls, dry, at many thousands of rpm until it ruined the sprag, the outer, and the balls. Then you fitted the new clutch without proper lubrication, and probably without having polished the crankshaft anywhere near enough. Consequently when you ran it today it was half seized again, spinning the (new this time) balls again, and has most likely cut into the sprag and the clutch outer, as well as tearing up the bearing surfaces of the crankshaft and the mating inside bore of the sprag component. The condition of the crankshaft extension, clearly visible in the first picture, tells the whole sad story.
To get this to work you have to do two things: prepare the parts to a much higher standard; and hit the kill switch the instant you hear any kind of sound from the clutch. Even then it may be too late. You are dealing with precision engine components: they do not tolerate any kind of nonsense.